Retina · Medical Retina & AMD
A retinal vein occlusion is the blockage of a vein that drains blood from the retina. Blood and fluid accumulate, which can affect vision. Management depends on the type of occlusion and its complications.
A retinal vein occlusion is the blockage of a vein responsible for draining blood from the retina. When this vein becomes occluded, blood and fluid can no longer drain properly and accumulate within the retina, causing haemorrhages and oedema that can impair vision.
It is one of the most common vascular conditions of the retina. Its impact depends on the vein affected and whether complications such as macular oedema develop.
A sudden, painless deterioration in vision should prompt urgent consultation: early management is important.
Two main types are distinguished, according to the level at which the vein is blocked. This distinction determines the impact on vision and the approach to management.
The main vein, at the exit of the optic nerve, is blocked: the entire retina is affected. The loss of vision is often more severe.
Only one branch vein is blocked: one sector of the retina is affected. The impact on vision depends on the area involved, in particular whether the macula is affected.
Vein occlusion is often associated with systemic vascular risk factors. A general medical workup is therefore usually recommended:
The main sign is a deterioration in vision:
Fundus examination and retinal imaging determine the type of occlusion and its consequences, in particular the presence of macular oedema. This is where Dr Gattoussi's expertise in retinal imaging is particularly valuable.
Treatment depends on the type of occlusion and its complications. The main aim is to treat macular oedema and prevent complications, alongside management of the systemic vascular risk factors.
Fundus examination, OCT, and angiography if indicated. Screening for associated glaucoma.
Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, with input from the GP and a cardiologist (smoking, cholesterol, diabetes, excess weight, sleep apnoea, high blood pressure), and treatment where needed.
Intravitreal injections for macular oedema; laser treatment in certain situations.
Regular imaging follow-up to detect complications.
It most often affects one eye. A systemic workup is recommended to identify the risk factors and reduce the risk to the other eye.
Prognosis depends on the type of occlusion, macular involvement, and management. This is assessed during consultation.
Because the occlusion is often linked to vascular risk factors (blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol) that need to be managed.
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